Al-Fatihah:

Al-Fatihah:

Dengan nama Allah Yang Maha Pemurah.
Dalam pelbagai sebab riwayat. Beliau berkata: "Kami telah membahagikannya untuk membacanya kepada orang-orang, dan kami telah meletakkannya." Mereka berbeza di dalamnya. Paling banyak, Makiya adalah salah satu ayat pertama Al-Quran.
Abu Usman Said bin Mohammed bin Ahmed Al-Zahid berkata: Beritahu kami datuk saya berkata: Abu Amr telah menceritakan kepada kami Al-Heiri berkata: Ibrahim bin Al-Harith telah menceritakan kepada kami dan Ali bin Sahl bin Mughira berkata: Yahya bin Bakir berkata kepada kami: Israel memberitahu kami dari Abu Ishaq, Rasul Allah - semoga Allah memberkati dia dan memberinya kedamaian - seandainya dia mendengar seorang penelepon yang memanggilnya: "Wahai Muhammad, jika dia mendengar suara itu, pergilah." Diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Nawfal: Jika anda mendengar panggilan Dia berkata: "Wahai Muhammad," katanya kepada ayahmu, "dia berkata:" Saya mengatakan bahawa saya bersaksi bahawa tidak ada tuhan melainkan Allah dan saya bersaksi bahawa Muhammad adalah Rasul Allah dan kemudian dia berkata: Katakanlah: Segala puji bagi Allah. Agama} hingga akhir permulaan buku, dan ini adalah kata-kata Ali bin Abi Talib.
Abu al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmoud al-Marwazi memberitahu kami: "Abdullah bin Mahmoud al-Saadi memberitahu kami: Abu Yahya al-Qusri memberitahu kami: Marwan bin Muawiyah memberitahu kami tentang al-'Al ibn al-Musayyib, Atas kuasa al-Fadhil ibn Amr, atas kewibawaan Ali ibn Abi Talib, beliau berkata: Saya telah membaca pengantar buku di Mekkah dari harta di bawah takhta. Abu Sa'id ra berkata kepada saya tentang anjing itu, dari Abu Saleh dari Ibnu Abbas berkata: Rasulullah SAW bersabda: "Dengan nama Allah Yang Maha Pemurah lagi Maha Terpuji kepada Allah dunia". Quraisy berkata: Atau mengenai ini. Al-Hasan dan Qatadah berkata, dan apabila Mujahid berkata bahawa Al-Faatihah adalah sivil.Al-Husayn ibn al-Fadl berkata: Setiap dunia mempunyai jurang dan ini adalah isyarat dari Mujahid kerana ia adalah unik dalam pandangan ini dan para ulama menentangnya. Ia terganggu oleh Makiya berkata: (Saya telah menerima tujuh dari Muthanna dan Al-Quran) bermaksud: Al-Fatihah.
Diriwayatkan oleh Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Ali al-Nahawi kepada kami: Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Ali al-Heiri menceritakan kepada kami: Ahmad bin Ali bin Muthanna menceritakan kepada kami: Yahya bin Ayyub berkata kepada kami: Ismail bin Jaafar menceritakan kepada kami: Al-'Ala menceritakan kepadaku tentang ayahnya dari Abu Hurairah: Damai sejahtera kepadanya - dibaca oleh Abu bin Ka'b atau ibu dari Al-Quran, dia berkata: «Dan jiwa itu di tangannya, Tuhan diturunkan dalam Taurat dan Injil atau Zubor atau di dalam Anne seperti beliau, mereka menghiburkan tujuh vescico yang besar dan Al-Quran, yang Ootih ».Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam melakukan sepuluh tahun dan berdoa tanpa pembukaan buku ini, yang tidak diterima oleh fikirannya.

Pengenalan:

Pengenalan:

Dengan nama Allah Yang Maha Pemurah. Tuhan gembira dan tidak sukar. Syeikh Imam Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi al-Nisaburi berkata, "Segala puji bagi Allah, al-Hakim al-Wahhab, Hazem al-Ahbab, dan penjaga pintu. Saya menghantarnya dari bintang-bintang dan mendakwa penghakiman dan ahli sains berkata Ezz berkata: {Dan kita tersebar untuk membacanya kepada orang ramai untuk tinggal dan memuat turunnya Muat Turun)
Syaikh Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Asfahani memberitahu kami: Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Hayyan memberitahu kami, Abu Yahya al-Razi memberitahu kami, dia berkata: Katakan kepada kami mudah bin Othman al-Askari, katanya: Al-Hasan berkata dalam ayat ini: (Dan Al-Quran kita membahagikannya untuk membaca tentang orang-orang untuk tinggal) mengingatkan kita bahawa dia adalah antara lapan belas tahun pertama dan terakhir, telah turun ke Mekah lapan tahun sebelum dia berhijrah dan Di bandar sepuluh tahun.
Ahmad berkata kepada kami: 'Abd Allah berkata kepada kami: Abu Yahya al-Razi memberitahu kami bahawa dia memberitahu kami yang mudah Dia berkata: Yahya ibn Abi Bakir memberitahu kami tentang Hashim mengenai Dawood dari al-Shaabi, Dia berkata: Perbezaan antara Tuhan dan dia antara dua dan dua puluh tahun yang lalu. Orang yang bijak dan panjang, dan perjanjian, dan umum dan konsisten, di mana mukjizat yang indah, dan tanda-tanda fenomena, dan argumen kebenaran, dan retorik, disangkal oleh Kata-kata kebenaran, dan tanda-tanda kebenaran yang jelas, dan kebenaran kebenaran, Dan penindasan berbohong dan menghapus kesannya, dan menindas syirik dan perobihan cahayanya, dan masih menentang bukti penyembah berhala hingga buaian Agama, dan membatalkan semangat atheis, damai sejahtera kepadanya tidak akan tamat tempoh, dan tidak memecahkan panjangnya, dan kepada keluarganya dan sahabat yang membimbing mereka dan menyucikan mereka, dan menemani mereka yang terpilih dan dipengaruhi, dan banyak lagi.
Selepas itu, ilmu-ilmu Al-Quran adalah banyak, dan banyak bentuknya adalah terhad, tetapi terhad kepada mengatakan, walaupun ia besar dan mengecilkan ekornya, walaupun sebelum ini. Sebelum saya, puji Tuhan, kumpulan yang paling banyak mengandung dan melibatkan mereka, dan di dalamnya terdapat pandangan Ram yang meyakinkan dan komunikatif. Kerja-kerja kaya dan kosong, termasuk kata kerja sedar mereka, dan menjadikan mereka koheren, tetapi Kehendak-kehendak hari ini untuk Ilmu-ilmu Al-Quran adalah satu kebetulan palsu di mana kuasa-kuasa orang buta tidak dapat mengelakkannya. Terserah kita untuk memaklumkan pemula sains buku itu, untuk memahami apa yang diturunkan di dalamnya, kerana itu adalah yang paling lengkap dari apa yang harus diperhatikan, Dan tujuan jalan itu, tanpa berdiri di atas kisahnya dan pernyataan keturunan. Ia tidak dibenarkan untuk mengatakan atas sebab-sebab keturunan buku itu, kecuali dalam riwayat dan pendengaran orang-orang yang melihat unduhan, dan mereka menegaskan sebab-sebabnya, dan mencari pengetahuannya dan dijumpai di kalangan pelajar.
Abu Ibrahim berkata kepada kami: "Katakan kepada kami Abu al-Husayn Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Hamed al-Attar berkata: Ahmad ibn al-Hasan ibn Abd al-Jabbar memberitahu kami: Abbas berkata: Rasulullah SAW bersabda: "Takutlah kepada saya tentang apa yang kamu ketahui, itu adalah dusta kepada saya dengan sengaja. Biarkan dia mengambil tempat duduknya dari api, dan dari Dia pergi ke Al-Quran tanpa pengetahuan, jadi dia mengambil tempat duduknya dari api. "Dan generasi yang akan datang, semoga Allah mengasihani mereka, jauh dari matlamat untuk menahan diri daripada mengatakan dalam keturunan ayat tersebut.
Abu Omar memberitahu kami: "Katakan kepada kami Abu Muslim berkata: 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Hammad berkata kepada kami: Ibn' Awn menceritakan kepada kami tentang Muhammad bin Sirban, katanya: Saya bertanya kepada Ubaida tentang ayat dari Al-Quran. Mereka yang mengajar ketika mereka turun Al-Quran pergi.
Tetapi hari ini, setiap orang mencipta sesuatu dan mengarang Efka dan dusta, memberikan kawalannya kepada orang bodoh, tidak memikirkan amaran kepada orang yang tidak mengetahui sebab keturunan ayat itu, yang menyebabkan saya mendikte buku komprehensif ini atas sebab-sebabnya. Tempahannya selepas pendengaran dan permintaan, mesti dikatakan atau Tidak dalam prinsip-prinsip wahyu dan bagaimana keturunan Al-Quran bermula pada Rasulullah saw dan Jibril menjanjikannya untuk memuat turun, dan mendedahkan syarat-syarat itu dan berkata di jalan ke total, dan kemudian berkata dengan terperinci dalam penyebab keturunan masing-masing ayat Roy mempunyai alasan untuk mengatakan, Yang Maha Kuasa adalah pelaku hak dan hak dan membawa kita dari Athor kepada yang baru.

Mengatakan dalam ayat pertama Al-Qur'an:

Abu Ishaaq Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Maqri memberitahu kami: 'Abd al-Allaah ibn Hamed al-Asfahani menceritakan kepada kami: Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Hafiz memberitahu kami: Muhammad ibn Yahya mengatakan kepada saya:' Abd al-Razzaq menceritakan kepada kami tentang Muammar atas kewenangan Ibn Shihab al- Dia berkata: Perkara pertama yang memulakan Rasulullah saw - dari wahyu penglihatan yang tulus adalah melihat tidak ada penglihatan yang datang hanya seperti subuh Kemudian dia menyukai kekosongan, dan dia datang ke Hira, dan dia akan datang kepadanya, dan dia adalah penyembah, malam dengan jumlahnya, dan dia akan membekalkannya, dan kemudian ia akan kembali ke Khadija, dan dia akan dihargai baginya seperti ketika ia sampai di sebelah kanan. Saya membaca »Dia berkata: Vkntni Vtgni sehingga dia mencapai saya usaha dan kemudian menghantar saya dan berkata: Baca: Saya berkata:« Saya pembaca »Vknni dilindungi Dia berkata: "Bacalah atas nama Tuhanmu yang telah menciptakan" sehingga dia sampai (kecuali dia tahu), dan dia kembali kepadanya, dan tanda-tandanya terkejut sampai ia masuk Khadija. Dia berkata kepadanya, "Engkau takut kepadaku." Jawabnya kepadanya: "Aku tidak memberitakan dia, tetapi Allah tidak memalukan aku." Diriwayatkan oleh al-Bukhaari dari Yahya ibn Bakir. Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim atas kekuasaan Muhammad ibn Rafi, keduanya berdasarkan kuasa 'Abd al-Razzaq.
Al-Sharif berkata kepada kami: "Beritahu kami, datuk saya memberitahu kami Abu Hamid Ahmed bin Hassan Al-Hafez berkata: Abdul Rahman bin Beshr memberitahu kami: Sufian bin Ayaneh, memberitahu kami dari Mohammed bin Ishaq, dari sifilis, dari Erwa, dari Aisha berkata: Perkara pertama yang turun dari Al-Quran (bacalah nama Tuhanmu yang diciptakan). Diriwayatkan oleh pemerintah Abu Abdullah dalam Saheeh dari Abu Bakr al-Shibroi dari daging anak Musa pada Ham Tangan saya di Sufian.
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Maqri memberitahu kami: Abu al-Husain Ali ibn Muhammad al-Jarjani memberitahu kami: "Nasr ibn Muhammad al-Hafiz memberitahu kami: Muhammad bin Mukhled memberitahu kami bahawa Muhammad bin Ishaq memberitahu mereka bahawa dia berkata: Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn Waqid berkata: Ayah saya memberitahu saya: "Beritahu saya lebih banyak tentang tatabahasa daripada Ikrimah dan al-Hasan berkata: Perkara pertama yang turun dari Al-Quran (nama Allah Yang Maha Pemurah) adalah yang pertama turun Dari Al-Quran di Mekah dan surah pertama {membaca nama Tuhan kamu}
Al-Hasan bin Muhammad al-Farsi memberitahu kami: Muhammad bin Abdullah ibn al-Fadl memberitahu kami peniaga itu berkata: Muhammad bin Yahya berkata kepada kami: "Abu Saleh berkata kepada kami, 'Beritahu aku orang liith.' Dia berkata: 'Aqeel menceritakan kepadaku tentang Ibn Shihab. Ibn Abad bin Jaafar al-Makhzoumi bahawa dia mendengar beberapa saintis mereka mengatakan: Perkara pertama yang Allah wahyukan kepada Rasul-Nya - bacalah dengan nama Tuhanmu yang menciptakan penciptaan manusia dari penggantungan Membaca dan Noble Tuhan yang mengajar oleh seorang lelaki pen itu tidak tahu apa yang mereka katakan}: dada ini, yang diturunkan kepada Rasulullah keamanan Allah Allah saw di Hira, dan kemudian baru diturunkan kemudian sebagai Allah menghendakinya.
Rasulullah saw bersabda: "Beritahu kami, '' kata Muhammad bin Ya`qub. Salamah dari Ouzai berkata: Yahya ibn Abi Katheer berkata kepadaku: Aku bertanya kepada Abu Salamah bin Abdul Rahman: Al-Quran mana yang sebelumnya? Dia berkata: (O you Mdathr) Saya katakan: atau {baca nama Tuhan kamu} berkata: Saya bertanya kepada Jabir bin Abdullah Al Ansari: Al-Quran yang mana sebelum ini? Dia berkata: (O kamu Mdathr) berkata saya berkata: atau (baca nama Tuhan kamu) berkata Jabir: Saya katakan kepada anda apa yang Rasulullah saw bersabar - berkata Rasulullah SAW - selamat datang kepadanya - «Saya telah menarik bulan Bahra ketika saya menghabiskan hidup saya turun perut Vtbtnt Lembah, Vnodit Saya memandang depan dan belakang saya dan di sebelah kanan dan dari utara dan kemudian melihat langit jika di atas takhta di udara - Maksud saya Jibril - "Lalu dia berkata kepada mereka:" Wahai mujahidin, berhati-hatilah! "Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim pada Zuheir ibn Harb pada hadith Al-Walid Ibn Muslim atas kewibawaan Al-Awzaa'i.
Ini tidak bertentangan dengan apa yang kita sebutkan dahulu dan Gabra mendengar dari Nabi saw. - Kisah terakhir ini tidak mendengar Fatmoh pertama yang Al-Muddathr pertama kali turun dan tidak, tetapi yang pertama turun setelah Surat (baca).
Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Zakariya berkata kepada kami: Muhammad bin Yahya memberitahu kami: 'Abd al-Razzaq memberitahu kami: Muammar memberitahu kami tentang al-Zuhri. Abu Salamah ibn 'Abd al-Rahman memberitahu saya tentang Jabir: Saya mendengar Rasulullah SAW bersabda tentang tempoh wahyu. Beliau berkata dalam ucapannya: "Semasa saya berjalan, saya mendengar suara dari Air, dan saya mengangkat kepala saya, dan jika raja, yang datang kepada saya di langit, duduk di atas takhta antara langit dan bumi, dan saya takut kepadanya, dan saya kembali. Diriwayatkan oleh al-Bukhaari dari 'Abd-Allaah ibn Muhammad. Dan ia diriwayatkan oleh Muslim atas kewibawaan Muhammad ibn Rafie, keduanya dengan kuasa 'Abd al-Razzaq. Hadits ini menunjukkan bahawa wahyu telah berlalu setelah wahyu nama Tuhanmu. Bahra duduk dan menunjukkan bahawa cerita ini adalah selepas keturunan (baca).
Abu Ishaq Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Maqri memberitahu kami: Abu al-Husain Ali bin Muhammad al-Maqri memberitahu kami: Abu al-Sheikh mengatakan kepada kami: Ahmad bin Sulayman ibn Ayyub telah menceritakan kepada kami: Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn al- Ayah saya berkata: Saya mendengar Ali ibn al-Hussein berkata: Surat pertama yang diturunkan kepada Rasulullah SAW - salam sejahtera kepadanya - Makkah: (bacalah nama Tuhanmu) dan Surat terakhir turun kepada Rasul Allah - Dan Surat yang pertama turun di kota: (Celakalah Moustafin) dan Surat terakhir diturunkan di kota: (Patna) dan Sura pertama bendera Rasulullah saw - damai sejahtera kepadanya - Makkah: (dan bintang) dan ayat yang paling kuat pada manusia Kebakaran (Vtqoa bukan sahaja menimbulkan hukuman kamu) dan saya ingin ayat di dalam Al-Quran kepada orang-orang Tauhid (Allah tidak memaafkan untuk terlibat dan memaafkan apa yang di bawah) ayat. Dan ayat terakhir diturunkan kepada Rasulullah saw - dan ketakutan pada hari kamu kembali kepada Allah dan hidup Rasulullah saw - selepas sembilan malam.

Untuk mengatakan dalam ayat terakhir Al-Qur'an:

Abu Ibrahim berkata kepada kami: "Katakan kepada kami Abu al-Walid berkata: Abu al-Walid memberitahu kami: Beritahu kami pembagian berkata: Abu Ishak memberitahu kami: Aku mendengar Bara bin Azab Beliau berkata: Ayat terakhir diturunkan: (mintalah kamu mengatakan Allah akan kamu pada anak lembu) dan surah terakhir diturunkan: (tidak bersalah) Bukhari dalam tafsiran Salomo b Perang Bahagian, dan diriwayatkan dalam kedudukan Akhran Abu Walid dan diriwayatkan oleh Muslim dari Pindar dari Bahagian Gander.
Abu Bakar al-Tamimi memberitahu kami: Abu Yahya al-Razi memberitahu kami: "Katakan kepada kami dataran Othman: Anak lelaki al-Mubarak memberitahu kami tentang Juhaib dari al-Dahhaq dari Ibnu Abbas, dia berkata: Ayat terakhir diturunkan:" Takut pada hari ketika kamu kembali kepada Allah. Bakr memberitahu kami Abu Muhammad memberitahu kami Abu Yahya memberitahu kami Sahl bin Othman memberitahu kami Yahya bin Abi berlebihan dari Malik bin Mughal mendengar Attiyah al-Awfi berkata: ayat terakhir menurun: Kembali ke hari anda kembali}
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Nahawi memberitahu kami: Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Sinan al-Maqri memberitahu kami: Ahmad bin Ali al-Musli memberitahu kami: Ahmad bin al-Ahmus memberitahu kami: "Katakan kepada kami, Muhammad bin Fadil berkata: Al-Kalbi memberitahu kami tentang Abu Salih dari Ibn Abbas dengan berkata: Anda kembali kepada Tuhan} Dia berkata: Mereka mengatakan bahawa ayat ini dan ayat terakhir Surat Nisaat Al-Quran yang terakhir.
Kami diberitahu oleh Muslim bin Ibrahim: "Beritahu kami pembahagian, dari Ali bin Zaid, dari Yusuf bin Mahran, dari Ibn Abbas, عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: آخِرُ آيَةٍ أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-{لَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ} وَقَرَأَهَا إِلَى آخِرِ السُّورَةِ رَوَاهُ الْحَاكِمُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللّ َهِ فِي صَحِيحِهِ عَنِ الْأَصَمِّ عَنْ بَكَّارِ ابن قُتَيْبَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيِّ عن شعبة. أخبرني أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فِي كِتَابِهِ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ الْحَدَّادِيَّ أَخْبَرَهُمْ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بن يزيد قال: أخبرنا إِسْحَاقُ بن إبراهيم قال: حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكَ، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ قَالَ: أَحْدَثُ الْقُرْآنِ بِاللَّهِ عَهْدًا{لَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ} الْآيَةَ، وَأَوَّلُ يَوْمٍ أُنْزِلَ الْقُرْآنُ فِيهِ يَوْمُ الِاثْنَيْنِ.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إسحاق الثعالبي، قال: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زكريا الشيباني، قال: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرحمن الدغولي، قال: حدثنا ابْنُ أبي خيثمة قال: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بن إسماعيل، قال: حَدَّثَنَا مَهْدِيُّ بن ميمون، قال: حَدَّثَنَا غَيْلَانُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ الزِّمَّانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ: أَنَّ رجلا قال: يا رسول اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ صَوْمَ يَوْمِ الِاثْنَيْنِ؟ قَالَ:«فِيهِ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيَّ الْقُرْآنُ وَأَوَّلُ شَهْرٍ أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ:{شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ}» أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ حمدان النصروي، قال: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بن ماسي قال: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عبد الله قال: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَجَاءِ بْنِ الهيثم الغداني قال: حَدَّثَنَا عِمْرَانُ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ عَنْ وَاثِلَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ- صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- قَالَ:«نَزَلَتْ صُحُفُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَوَّلَ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، وَأُنْزِلَتِ التَّوْرَاةُ لِسِتٍّ مَضَيْنَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، وَأُنْزِلَ الْإِنْجِيلُ لِثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ خَلَتْ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، وَأُنْزِلَ الزَّبُورُ لِثَمَانِ عَشْرَةَ خَلَتْ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، وَأُنْزِلَ الْقُرْآنُ لِأَرْبَعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ خَلَتْ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ».

Katakan dalam ayat dan keturunan kenyataan label:

Beritahu kami Ahmed bin Mohammed bin Ibrahim al-Mokri berkata: Beritahu kami Abu Hussein Ali bin Mohammed Jerjani berkata: Beritahu kami Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman Gohary berkata: Beritahu kami Mohammed bin Yahya bin Manda berkata: Beritahu kami Abu crepe berkata: Beritahu kami Uthman ibn Sa'id berkata: Beritahu kita manusia bin bangunan, Abu galeri, untuk Dahhaak, Ibn Abbas berkata: perkara pertama yang turun oleh Gabriel keamanan Nabi saw, berkata: «Wahai Muhammad astaz kemudian berkata: dengan nama Tuhan nomad Yang Maha Pemurah. »
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنُ أبي إسحاق قال: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بن أحمد الخلال قال: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زيد البجلي قال: حَدَّثَنَا أبو كريب قال: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- لَا يَعْرِفُ خَتْمَ السُّورَةِ حَتَّى يَنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ{بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ} أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْقَاهِرِ بْنُ طاهر البغدادي قال: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بن مطر قال: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ علي الذهلي قال: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بن يحيى قال: أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ الْعَبْدِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ ذَكَرَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا لَا نَعْلَمُ فَصْلَ مَا بَيْنَ السُّورَتَيْنِ حَتَّى تَنْزِلَ{بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ} أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بن جعفر قال: أخبرنا جدي قال: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو أَحْمَدُ بْنُ محمد الحرشي قال: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بن يحيى قال: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ{بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ} فِي كُلِّ سُورَةٍ.

(An-Nahl)

(An-Nahl)

[16:1]

(The commandment of Allah will come to pass…) [16:1]. Said Ibn 'Abbas: “When Allah, exalted is He, revealed (The Hour drew nigh and the moon was rent in twain) [54:1], the unbelievers said to each other: 'This man claims that the Day of Judgement is near, so refrain from some of the things you usually do until we see what happens'. When they saw that nothing happened, they said: 'Nothing happened', and so Allah, exalted is He, revealed (Their reckoning draweth nigh for mankind, while they turn away in heedlessness…) [21:1]. They again became apprehensive and waited for the nearing last Hour. When a long time had  passed [and nothing happened] they said: 'O Muhammad, nothing of that with which you have threatened us happened'. And Allah, exalted is He, revealed (The commandment of Allah will come to pass). The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, jumped up when he heard this and people raised their heads [to heaven]. The revelation (so seek not ye to hasten it) came, and people felt relieved. And when this verse was revealed, the Messenger of Allah, Allah, bless him and give him peace, said: 'I and the last Hour are like this - and he pointed with his finger - ; it almost came before me' ”. Other unbelievers said: “The judgement is already here; it is chastisement through the sword”. This is the answer of al-Nadr ibn al-Harith when He said (O Allah! If this be indeed the truth from Thee, then rain down stones on us…) [8:32], as if hastening chastisement, and so Allah exalted is He, revealed this verse.

[16:4]

(He hath created man from a drop of fluid, yet behold! he is an open opponent) [16:4]. This verse was revealed about Ubayy ibn Khalaf al-Jumahi when he brought decaying bones to the Messenger of Allah,  Allah bless him and give him peace, and then said: “O Muhammad, do you think Allah will bring this to life after its decay?”. Something similar to this verse is Allah’s words in Surah Yasin (Hath not man seen that We have created him from a drop of seed? Yet lo! He is an open opponent…) [36:77] up to the end of the Surah. This verse was revealed on the occasion of this incident.

[16:38]

(And they swear by Allah their most binding oaths (that) Allah will not raise up him who dieth…) [16:38]. Al- Rabi‘ ibn Anas reported from Abu’l-‘Aliyah: “A Muslim man had a debt with an idolater and he went to ask  for it to be paid. As they were talking, the Muslim happened to say: ‘By Him in Whom I have hope after death’, and the idolater retorted: ‘And you claim you will be resurrected after death?’ And he swore by Allah that Allah will not resurrect those who die. Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse [to confirm the dead will be resurrected]”.

[16:41]

(And those who became fugitives for the cause of Allah after they had been oppressed…) [16:41]. This verse was revealed about the Companions of the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, in Mecca: Bilal, Suhayb, Khabbab, ‘Ammar, and Abu Jandal ibn Suhayl. The idolaters seized them in Mecca, tortured and harmed them. Later, Allah, exalted is He, made them settle down in Medina.

[16:43]

(And We sent not (as Our messengers) before thee other than men whom We inspired…) [16:43]. This verse was revealed about the idolaters of Mecca who denied the prophethood of Muhammad, Allah bless him and give him peace. They said: “Allah is too great to have a human being as His messenger; could He

100

not have sent an angel?” [16:75-76]

(Allah coineth a similitude: (on the one hand) a (mere) chattel slave, who hath control of nothing, and (on the other hand) one on whom we have bestowed a fair provision from Us, and he spendeth thereof secretly and openly. Are they equal? Praise be to Allah! But most of them know not. And Allah coineth a similitude: Two men, one of them dumb, having control of nothing, and he is a burden on his owner; whithersoever he directeth him to go, he bringeth no good. Is he equal with one who enjoineth justice and followeth a straight path (of conduct)?) [16:75-76]. Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya informed us> Abu Bakr ibn al-Anbari> Ja‘far ibn Muhammad ibn Shakir> ‘Affan> Wuhayb> ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Uthman ibn Khuthaym> Ibrahim> ‘Ikrimah> Ibn ‘Abbas who said: “This verse (Allah coineth a similitude: (on the one hand) a (mere) chattel slave…) about Hisham ibn ‘Amr who used to spend his wealth openly and in secret and his client Abu’l-Jawza’ who used to bid him to stop doing so. As for the verse (And Allah coineth a similitude: Two  men, one of them dumb, having control of nothing), the dumb who has control of nothing is Usayd ibn Abi al-‘Is and the one who (enjoineth justice and followeth a straight path…) is ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan”.

[16:90]

(Lo! Allah enjoineth justice and kindness…) [16:90]. Abu Ishaq Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim informed us> Shu'ayb ibn Muhammad al-Bayhaqi> Makki ibn 'Abdan> Abu'l-Azhar> Rawh ibn 'Ubadah> 'Abd al- Hamid ibn Buhram> Shahr ibn Hawshab> 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abbas who said: “While the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, was sitting in his House's courtyard in Mecca, 'Uthman ibn Maz'un passed by and smiled at him. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: 'Will you not sit down?' He sat down facing toward him. As the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace was talking   to 'Uthman, his eyes turned toward heaven, he looked upward for a while and then brought his gaze down and looked down at the ground on his right hand side. Then, he looked away from his companion 'Uthman toward where he gazed, moving his head as if trying to understand what he was being told. He then looked up again toward heaven, as he did the first time, and kept looking up until his gaze was completely focused on heaven. Then he was back with 'Uthman as he was initially. 'Uthman said: 'O Muhammad, I used to come to see you and sit with you and I have never seen you do what you did this morning'. The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: 'And what did you see me do?' He said: 'I saw you raising your eyes toward heaven, you looked down on your right, and then you moved away from me and moved your head  as if trying to understand something which was being said to you'. The Prophet said: 'Did you catch all that?' when 'Uthman said he did, the Prophet said: 'Gabriel came to me earlier on while you were sitting'. 'Uthman asked: 'And what did he tell you?' He said: 'He told me (Lo! Allah enjoineth justice and kindness, and giving to kinsfolk, and forbiddeth lewdness and abomination and wickedness. He exhorteth you in order that ye  may take heed)'. 'Uthman said: 'It was at that point that faith became firm in my heart and I loved Muhammad, Allah bless him and give him peace' ”.

[16:101-102]

(And when We put a revelation in place of (another) revelation…) [16:101-102]. This verse was revealed when the idolaters said: “Muhammad is mocking his Companions; one day he commands them to do something and the next day he forbids them from doing it, or brings instead something which is easier. He is nothing but a calumniator who says things of his own invention”, and so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse and the verse after it.

[16:103]

(And We know well that they say: Only a man teacheth him. The speech of him at whom they falsely hint is outlandish…) [16:103]. Abu Nasr Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Muzakki> Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Hamdan al-Zahid> ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz> Abu Hisham al-Rifa‘i> Ibn Fudayl> Husayn> ‘Abd Allah ibn Muslim who said: “We owned two Christian youths from the people of ‘Ayn Tamr, one called Yasar and the other Jabr. Their trade was making swords but they also could read the Scriptures in their own tongue. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, used to pass by them and listen to

their reading. As a result, the idolaters used to say: ‘He is being taught by them!’ To give them the lie, Allah, exalted is He, revealed (The speech of him at whom they falsely hint is outlandish, and this is clear Arabic speech)”.

[16:106]

(Whoso disbelieveth in Allah after his belief…) [16:106]. Said Ibn 'Abbas: “This verse was revealed about 'Ammar ibn Yasir. The idolaters had taken him away along with his father Yasir, his mother Sumayyah, Suhayb [al-Rumi], Bilal [ibn Rabah], Khabbab [ibn al-Aratt] and Salim [the client of Hudhayfah] and tortured them. As for Sumayyah, she was tied up between two camels and stabbed with a spear in her female organ. She was told: 'You embraced Islam for the men', and was then killed. Her husband Yasir was also killed.

They were the first two persons who were killed in Islam. As for 'Ammar, he was coerced to let them hear what they wanted to hear. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, was told that 'Ammar has renounced faith, but he said: 'Never, 'Ammar is filled with faith from his head to his toes; faith is admixed with his flesh and blood!' 'Ammar then went to see the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, crying. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, wiped his tears with his own hand and said: 'if they return to you, let them hear again what you told them'. Then, Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse”. Mujahid said: “This verse was revealed about some Meccans who accepted faith. The Muslims of Medina wrote to them urging them to migrate and told them that they did not consider them part of them unless they migrated. And so they left Mecca intending to migrate to Medina. The Quraysh caught up with them on the way and coerced them to renounce their faith. It is about them that this verse was revealed”.

[16:110]

(Then lo! thy Lord - for those who became fugitives after they had been persecuted …) [16:110]. Said Qatadah: “It was related to us that when Allah, exalted is He, revealed before this verse that the people of Mecca who had embraced Islam would not be considered Muslim until they migrated to Medina, the people of Medina wrote to their companions in Mecca to inform them of this. When they received the message, they left Mecca but the idolaters caught up with them and took them back. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed (Alif. Lam. Mim. Do men imagine that they will be left (at ease) because they say, We believe, and will not  be tested with affliction?) [29:1-2], and the Muslims of Medina wrote to them to inform them about it. The Muslims of Mecca vowed to each other to leave Mecca and fight the idolaters of Mecca, were they to catch up with them, until they join Allah or escape to Medina. The idolaters did catch up with them. Some of them died fighting while others were able to flee. Allah, exalted is He, revealed (Then lo! thy Lord - for those who became fugitives after they had been persecuted, and then fought and were steadfast…)”.

[16:125-127]

(Call unto the way of thy Lord with wisdom and fair exhortation…) [16:125-127]. Abu Mansur Muhammad  ibn Muhammad al-Mansuri informed us> 'Ali ibn 'Umar al-Hafiz> 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abd al- 'Aziz> al-Hakam ibn Musa> Isma'il ibn 'Ayyash> 'Abd al-Malik ibn Abi Ghaniyyah> al-Hakam ibn 'Utaybah> Mujahid> Ibn 'Abbas who said: “When the idolaters retreated from those who were killed at the Battle of Uhud, The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, went there and saw a scene which he strongly disliked. And he also saw Hamzah with his stomach ripped open, nose burnt and ears cut off. He said: 'If it were not for the fear of causing more grief to the women or that it becomes a followed practice after me, I would leave him until Allah, exalted is He, resurrect him from the bellies of predatory animals   and birds. I shall kill seventy men of them [of the disbelievers of Quraysh] in revenge', He then asked for a mantle to cover him with it. When he covered his face, his feet remained uncovered and so he covered them with some Bulrush. He then placed him forward and said 'Allah is the greatest' ten times. Then, all those Muslim dead were brought, one by one, while the body of Hamzah was unmoved from its place, and the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, prayed on them. And so He performed seventy prayers on Hamzah. There were seventy Muslims who died in this battle. When they were buried and finished with, Allah, exalted is He, revealed (Call unto the way of thy Lord with wisdom and fair exhortation) up to His words (Endure thou patiently (O Muhammad). Thine endurance is only by (the help of) Allah…) [16:127].

And so, he was patient and did not mutilate any one”. Isma'il ibn Ibrahim al-Wa'iz informed us> Abu'l-'Abbas

Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn 'Isa al-Hafiz> 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz> Bishr ibn al-Walid al- Kindi> Salih al-Murri> Sulayman al-Taymi> Abu 'Uthman al-Nahdi> Abu Hurayrah who said: “When the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, got closer to Hamzah, he saw that he was dead. Nothing that he ever saw was more painful to his heart than that sight. He said: “By Allah, I will kill seventy of them in return!” This verse was then revealed (If ye punish, then punish with the like of that wherewith ye were afflicted. But if ye endure patiently, verily it is better for the patient) [16:126]. Abu Hassan al-Muzakki informed us> Abu'l-'Abbas Muhammad ibn Ishaq> Musa ibn Ishaq> Yahya ibn 'Abd al-Hamid al-Humani> Qays ibn Abi Layla> al-Hakam> Muqassim> Ibn 'Abbas who reported that, on the day Hamzah was killed and mutilated, the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: “If I get my hand on the Quraysh I will mutilate seventy men of them. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed (If ye punish, then punish with the like of that wherewith ye were afflicted. But if ye endure patiently, verily it is better for the patient), upon which the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: 'I would rather be patient, O Lord!' ” The commentators of the Qur'an said: “When the Muslims saw what the idolaters did to their dead  at the Battle of Uhud in terms of ripping open their stomachs, cutting off their male organs and mutilating them in the most ugly way, they said: 'If Allah gives us a chance to get our hands on them, we will mutilate them even worse than what they did; we shall maim them in a way that none of the Arabs did before to any other Arab; and we shall do this and we shall do that'. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, stopped at the body of his paternal uncle Hamzah with his nose and ears amputated, his male organs cut off and his stomach ripped open. Hind bint 'Utbah had taken a piece of his liver, chewed it and  swallowed it but her stomach could not take it and she threw it up. When the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, heard of this, he said: 'She would have never entered hell if she did digest it; Hamzah is too noble in the sight of Allah to allow any part of his body to enter hell'. When the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, saw Hamzah [lying dead and mutilated], he had never seen, before that, anything which was more painful to his heart. And so he said: 'May Allah's mercy be on you; you were, as  far as I know, someone who kept his ties of kinship and did always good deeds. Had it not been for the grieving of those who survived of your family, it would have pleased me to leave you as you are until you  are resurrected [on the Day of Judgement] from different bellies. By Allah, if Allah, exalted is He, gives me the opportunity to lay my hand on them, I will mutilate seventy men of them, for what they did to you'. But Allah, exalted is He, revealed (If ye punish, then punish with the like of that wherewith ye were afflicted. But if ye endure patiently, verily it is better for the patient) and so the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: 'I would rather be patient', and then he made amends for the oath he had made”. Here, we need to mention how Hamzah was killed. 'Amr ibn Abi 'Amr al-Muzakki informed us> Muhammad ibn Makki>

Muhammad ibn Yusuf> Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Ju'fi> Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah> Hujayn ibn al-Muthanna> 'Abd al-'Aziz ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Abi Salamah. And we were informed by Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya> his father> Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Thaqafi> Sa'id ibn Yahya al- Umawi> his father> Muhammad ibn Ishaq> 'Abd Allah ibn al-Fadl ibn 'Ayyash ibn Abi Rabi'ah> Sulayman ibn Yasar> Ja'far ibn 'Amr ibn Umayyah al-Damri who said: “I travelled with 'Ubayd Allah ibn 'Adiyy ibn al- Khiyar through Hums. While we were there 'Ubayd Allah said to me: 'Do you wish to go to visit Wahshiyy to ask him how he killed Hamzah'. I said: 'If you want to'. A man said to us: 'You will find him in the courtyard of his house; he is a man who is always drunk. However, if he is sober, he will speak in Arabic and you might find what you are after'. When we got to him, we greeted him and he raised his head. We said: 'We have come to you to tell us about your killing of Hamzah, may Allah have mercy on him'. He said: 'I will relate to you exactly what I related to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, when he asked me about the same. I was a slave of Jubayr ibn Mut'im ibn 'Adiyy ibn Nawfal whose uncle Tu'aymah ibn 'Adiyy was killed at the Battle of Badr. When the Quraysh marched toward Uhud, Jubayr ibn Mut'im said to me: 'You are free if you kill Hamzah, Muhammad's uncle, as a revenge for the killing of my uncle Tu'aymah'. I went out with them. It is to be remembered that I am an Abyssinian who is expert in throwing spears, like all Abyssinians, and I never missed my target. When the two sides met, I went looking for

Hamzah until I saw him in the middle of the army, like a white-and-black camel, slaughtering people with his sword such that nothing stood in his way. By Allah, I was waiting for my moment, hiding behind a rock or tree, so that he drew closer to me, when Siba' ibn 'Abd al-'Uzza passed me and went toward him. When Hamzah, may Allah have mercy on him, saw him, he called him: 'Here, O son of a cutter of clitoris!' Then he struck him on the head and, by Allah, he did not miss. I moved my spear about until I felt comfortable and threw it at him. It caught him in the lower abdomen and the spear came out from his feet. He made a move toward me and then collapsed and I left him to die. I went toward him, retrieved my spear and joined the people at the camp. I did not want to kill anyone else, for I only killed him to gain my freedom. When I went

back to Mecca, I was emancipated. I stayed there until Islam spread throughout it upon which I travelled to al-Ta'if. In Ta'if, they sent emissaries to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and mentioned that he does not harm emissaries. And so I went with them to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace. When he saw me, he said: 'Are you Wahshiyy?' and when I answered in the affirmative, he asked again: 'You are the one who killed Hamzah?' I said: 'What happened is exactly as it  was related to you'. He said: 'Could you keep your face away from me?' I left. When the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, died and Musaylimah the liar emerged to the people, I thought to go and kill Musaylimah to cancel out my killing of Hamzah. I went out with people, and what happened to him  is now known' ”.